整理/李怡蒙 制图/董怡璇

　　见闻之知

　　由耳、目等感官与外物接触而获得的认识，与“德性之知”相对。张载最先区分了“见闻之知”与“德性之知”。宋儒认为，人对生活世界的认识是通过两种不同方式实现的。通过目见耳闻所获得的认识，即是“见闻之知”。“见闻之知”是人的认识不可缺少的，但“见闻之知”不足以穷尽对事物的认识，也无法获得对世界本体或本原的认识。

　　Knowledge from One's Senses

　　The term refers to knowledge derived from contact between externalities and one's sensory organs such as the ears and eyes, in contrast to"knowledge from one's moral nature". Zhang Zai was the first to differentiate between"knowledge from one's senses" and"knowledge from one's moral nature".

　　Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty felt that people acquired knowledge about the world in which they lived in two ways. Knowledge obtained from seeing and hearing was"knowledge from the senses", which was an essential part of human knowledge. However, it was not a complete picture, nor could it provide an understanding of the original source or ontological existence of the world.

　　引例

　　闻见之知，非德性之知，物交物则知之，非内也。（《二程遗书》卷二十五）（闻见之知，不是德性之知，感官与外物相接触则获得了对外界的认知，并非由内心而生。）

　　Knowledge from one's senses is not knowledge from one's moral nature. It comes from contact with external objects and not from the inner workings of the heart. (Writings of the Cheng Brothers)